United States Early Years 1790

+Hamilton

            Supported strong national power. Had little faith in the people. Didn’t believe constitution by itself was not enough to preserve a new nation.

            -Expand role of government

                        -Actively aired development

Congress debated Hamilton's plan. In 1790 it was approved

It was very controversial.

1.      south didn’t want to have to pay northern debts.

Established Southern capital located on the Potomac River

2.      Already had $500 million in debts.  Why add to it?

Most of debt owed to European Banks & American merchants & speculators.

1791 placed tax on whiskey to help pay off debt also on imported goods.

Tariff- tax on foreign goods imported into a country.

1791 – established Bank of the United States

Many disliked like plan and the taxes that came with it.

Jefferson favored a strict construction, belief that the government should not do anything that the constitution does not specifically say it can do.

Hamilton preferred a loose construction, belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not say it cannot do.

Hamilton did not care for Jefferson he stated to Thomas Paine in 1792 “a sect preaching up and pouting after an English constitution of King, lords & commons.”

United stats stayed neutral for French Revolution (didn’t think could take British – but didn’t want to leave French hanging)

Whiskey Rebellion

            Followed the stamp act and say’s rebellion

                        Rebels closed courts

                        Attacked tax collectors

Washington & Hamilton wanted to stop rebellion with military force.

In 1794 Washington gatherd army of over 12,00 men.

General “ light horse Harry “ Lee & Alexander Hamilton led army.

Rebellion soon dissolved.

Jay’s Treaty

            Britain agreed to leave the forts it occupied in the Northwest territory.

Jay could not convince British to end their practice of stopping American ships on the high seas and searching them for British subjects.

Political party – A group of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to control government policy and programs.

John Adams is President

XYZ affair – American officials were met by secret agents sent by French.

                        Those agents were known as X, Y, and Z.

The agents demanded $250,00 and a loan for $10 million before            Americans could see French foreign minister.

This later became known as the XYZ affair.

Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 –

Alien act – president could imprison or deport citizens from other countries leaving in the United States.

Sedition Acts – people who wrote, published, or said anything “of a false, scandalous and malicious” nature against the government could be fined or jailed.

Marbury vs. Madison – President Adams appointed William Marbury Justice of the Peace (for district of Columbia)

  James Madison never delivered official papers to give Marbury his authority.

Marbury sued Madison

            Demanding that secretary of state let him take his office. He won.

That case brought forth

Judicial Review – Power of federal courts to decide whether laws are unconstitutional.

 Napoleon took control of the mouth of the Mississippi River.

  Made traders pay large taxes for the use of it.

James Monroe and Robert Livingston (American Minister)

To buy New Orleans for $10 million

Napoleon said no, but he offered to sell all the claims (Louisiana)

 Monroe and Livingston accepted and said they’d pay $15 million for it.

This was known as the Louisiana Purchase

1807 Congress passed an Embargo Act

Embargo – a restriction on trade.

            This was an embargo against British and French.

                        Didn’t really hurt Britain, but largely affected France.

British ships were stopping American ships and forcing them to serve in their navy.

            Madison called War

                        Congress approved

War of 1812 followed that

Battle for New Orleans

            Victory for United States. Peace Treaty had already happened New Orleans had not received news.

            American ended unhappy war on a positive note.

                        Made Andrew Jackson a national hero.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Began in spring of 1804

Search for rivers to Western Ocean.

Make Contact with Native Americans.

Gather info about regions natural resources.

Missouri Compromise

            Signed in as law in 1820

Slavery allowed in Missouri but Main would be a free state. This kept the balance between the North and South.

Congress passed that new land north of 36^o 30’N latitude would be free.