CHARLEMAGNE

WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 13

            CHANGES IN WESTERN EUROPE, WHICH WAS GOVERNED BY THE ROMANS

·        DISRUPTION OF TRADE

·        DOWNFALL OF CITIES

·        POPULATIONS SHIFTS

DECLINE OF LEARNING BECAUSE GERMANIC PEOPLE DID NOT HAVE WRITTEN LANGUAGE

ALSO THE DIFFERENT AREAS DEVELOPED DIFFERENT CHANGES TO THE LATIN SPOKEN THROUGHOUT ROME

GERMANIC GOVERNMENTS KING CLOVIS OF THE FRANKS BROUGHT CHRISTIANITY TO EUROPE

            CLOVIS HAD HIS WARRIORS BAPTIZED AND CREATED A BOND BETWEEN THE POPE AND THE GOVERNMENT OF EUROPE MISSIONARIES

CHRISTIANITY SPREAD IN RESPONSE TO THE THREAT OF MUSLIM ADVANCES

MONASTERIES AND NUNNERIES GREW UP FROM MEN AND WOMEN WANTING TO GIVE UP ALL AND BECOME SERVANTS OF GOD. BENEDICT WROTE A STRICT SET OF RULES FOR THE MONASTERIES

GREGORY THE GREAT, OR GREGORY I BECAME POPE HE CARRIED THE POWER OF THE POPE AND THE CHURCH TO THE AREA OF GOVERNMENT THUS CREATING A SECULAR

THE PERSON WHO RULED THE KINGDOM WAS KNOWN AS MAJOR DOMO MAYOR OF THE PALACE

            CHARLES MARTEL (CHARLES THE HAMMER) HAD MORE POWER THAN THE KING WHEN HE DEFEATED A MUSLIM ARMY COMING FROM SPAIN. THE BATTLE OF TOURS GAVE HIM THE POWER

HIS SON PEPIN THE SHORT AGREED TO PROTECT THE CHURCH AND ROME FROM THE LOMBARDS

PEPIN THE SHORT LEFT THE KINGDOM TO HIS SONS ONE NAMED CHARLES THE GREAT (CHARLEMAGNE) HE UNITED THE AREA OF CENTRAL EUROPE ALL OF FRANCE 2/3 OF ITALY SOME OF SPAIN HE WAS CROWNED EMPEROR OF ROME

HE KEPT A CLOSE EYE ON HIS TERRITORY BY VISITING REGULARLY AND HAVING HIS ROYAL AGENTS TO MAKE SURE THAT THE COUNTS TREATED PEOPLE RIGHT

PUSHED FOR THE RE EDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE HIS MANY CHILDREN HE OPENED SCHOOLS AND ORDERED THE MONKS TO EDUCATE FUTURE MONKS AND PRIESTS

CHARLEMAGNE’S SONS WERE WEAK AND CAUSED THE BREAK UP OF HIS GREAT EMPIRE

SECTION 2

FEUDALISM IN EUROPE

            THE VIKINGS FROM THE NORTH ATTACKED THE ROMANS AND ANY ONE LESE THEY WANTED TO WHEN THE VIKINGS STOPPED ATTACKING ROME, THE MAGYARS FROM THE TURKEY ATTACKED AND COLLECTED SLAVES NOT TERRITORY

THE MUSLIMS FROM THE MIDDLE EAST FIGHTING TO SPREAD THEIR RELIGION THEY CONTROLLED ALL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

THE THREAT OF ATTACKS AND THE LACK OF AVAILABLE PROTECTION

            LED TO THE DEVELOPING OF FEUDALISM

Fief= Lord granted land in exchange for protection.  

SOCIAL CLASSES

SERFS OR CHEAP LABORERS

MANOR        

            LAND LORD PROVIDED PROTECTION TO THE SERFS AS THEY WORKED THE LANDS, IF YOU WERE A PEASANT YOU RARELY TRAVELED MORE THAN 25 MILES AWAY FROM HOME

WEDDINGS HAD TO BE APPROVED OF BY THE LORD YOU COULD BE CHARGED WITH A CRIME IF YOU TRIED TO DODGE TAXES

SERF HOMES WERE OFTEN ONLY ON E OR TWO ROOMS TO HEAT THE HOUSE PIGS WERE BROUGHT INTO THE HOME

SECTION 3

KNIGHTS

            CHARLES MARTEL INTRODUCED THE IDEA OF MOUNTED SOLDIERS WITH ARMOR COPYING THE MEN OF THE MUSLIM ARMIES

WITH THE ADAPT ION OF THE SADDLE AND THE STIRRUP CALVARY BECAME MORE IMPORT ANT TO BATTLE GROUPS

IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF LAND THE LORD WOULD GIVE LAND TO THE MEN THAT FOUGHT TO KEEP THE LAND FREE AND UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE LORD

THE KNIGHTS CODE IS CHIVALRY

            DEVOTION TO HIS FEUDAL LORD HIS HEAVENLY GOD, AND HIS CHOSEN LADY AND ALSO TO PROTECT THE WEAK AND POOR

IF NOT TRUE TO THESE GUIDELINES, THE KNIGHT WAS RIDICULED

TO STAY IN SHAPE FOR FIGHTING, THE KNIGHTS HELD CONTESTS WITH EACH OTHER, JOUST OR TOURNAMENTS

BRUTAL BATTLES WERE FOUGHT AND THE INVENTION OF THE LONG BOW BUT AN END TO THE WORK OF THE NOBLE KNIGHT

POET MUSICIANS TRAVELED ABOUT GIVING SONG AND STORY TO THE EXPLOITS OF THE KNIGHTS

TROUBADOURS

WOMEN IN THE MIDDLE AGES STARTED LOSING POWER AS FAR AS RUNNING THE GOVERNMENT

            QUEEN ELENANOR RULED IN ENGLAND HER SONS WERE RICHARD THE LION HEARTED AND KING JOHN

SECTION 4 THE CHURCH WIELDS POWER

            WHEN WE TALK ABOUT THE CHURCH WE ARE TALKING ABOUT THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. AND ROME

THE POPE WAS HEAD OF THE CLERGY ALL BISHOPS AND PRIESTS FELL UNDER THE POPE

WITH AN UNSTABLE LIFE STYLE IN THE MIDDLE AGES SO MANY BATTLES AND CONFLICT AND CHANGES THE CHURCH WAS THE ONLY CONSTANT

DIFFERENT PLACES IN SOCIETY BUT ALL COULD ACHIEVE SALVATION BY ATTENDING CEREMONIES KNOWN AS SACRAMENTS

JUSTICE OF THE VILLAGES WAS THROUGH THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES

            CANON LAW THE LAW OF THE CHURCH

                        EXCOMMUNICATION: BANISHMENT FROM THE CHURCH

                        INTERDICT: IF AN EXCOMMUNICATED AND A KING CONTINUED TO DISOBEY THE CHURCH, SACRAMENTS AND OTHER CEREMONIES COULD NOT BE DONE IN THE KINGDOM

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

            OTTO I MOST POWERFUL RULER OF GERMANY, ALSO KNOWN AS OTTO THE GREAT

            NAMED EMPEROR BY THE POPE CREATED THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

PROBLEMS BEGAN WHEN KINGS STARTED APPOINTING CHURCH OFFICIALS THIS IS KNOWN AS LAY INVESTITURE

THE BISHOPS APPOINTED BY HENRY IV WERE POWERFUL PEOPLE THAT THE KING WANTED TO CONTROL THE POPE GREGORY VII WHEN THE CHURCH DID NOT AGREE ON THEM THE POPE EXCOMMUNICATED HENRY IV HENRY IV THE KING WANTED TO BE OK WENT TO CANOSSA AND STANDING OUT IN A SNOW STORM WITH NO SHOES AND NO COAT BEG FORGIVENESS

THE CONCORDAT OF WORMS: STATED THAT THE CHURCH WOULD GIVE THE BISHOPS THEIR RINGS AND STAFFS WHILE THE EMPEROR COULD VETO THE SELECTION

FREDERICK I WAS THE FIRST EMPEROR TO CALL KINGDOM THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

ANGERED THE POPE WHEN FREDERICK ATTACKED RICH CITIES OF ITALY

HE WAS DEFEATED AT THE BATTLE OF LEGNANO BY FOOT SOLDIERS USING CROSS BOWS

UNDER FREDERICK GERMANY BROKE INTO FEUDAL STATES