Chapter 21 the roaring twenties

The Russian revolution which allowed the united states to enter world war one sent the people of the u.s. into worry about the red scare radicals.

The u.s. was so worried about commies that attorney general  raided subversive groups. These groups included Commies, radicals, socialists, and anarchists.

People were sent back to the country they were from although not convicted of crime.

After the war there were labor strikes in Seattle and Boston and in Indiana

Wilson had said that he would keep us out of war but we got involved in the Great War.

Republicans wanted to run the country and Harding was elected.  The republicans and Harding wanted the following foreign policy

HARDING’S TERM AS PRESIDENT

Isolationism is the policy of avoiding political or economic alliances with foreign countries. Under Harding several countries met to reduce and limit the size of their armies.

The united states wanted to limit the flow of new comers. Americans wee afraid of these foreigners because of the following reasons

1        believed that people from foreign countries could never be loyal to the united states.

2        Nativists who were mostly protestants had a long dislike of immigrants who were Catholics, orthodox Christians, or Jews

3        Americans blamed the problems of cities such as slums and corruption on the immigrants who lived in them.

4        Workers feared immigrants might take their jobs away.

5        Nativists argued that some immigrants came from the unstable parts of Europe; where World War I had started feared that these immigrants might hold or might adopt dangerous political ideas.

THE UNITED STATES SET A QUOTA ON NUMBER OF PEOPLE THAT COULD COME IN TO THE COUNTRY.

SCANDAL WRECKED HIS TERM ESPECIALLY THE TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL, THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR GAVE DRILLING RIGHTS ON FEDERAL OIL FIELDS TO TWO PRIVATE COMPANIES. HE RECEIVED $300,000 IN MONEY AND GIFTS VAGUELY DISGUISED AS LOANS.

COOLIDGE AS PRESIDENT

HIS FATHER ADMINISTERED THE OATH OF OFFICE TO HIM BY KEROSENE LAMP.

MAN OF FEW WORDS, HE WANTED TO MAINTAIN A SMALL GOVERNMENT

LAISSEZ FAIRE, LET IT ALONE AND IT WILL WORK FINE

ON THE GLOBAL FRONT AMERICA TRIED TO ESTABLISH WAYS TO MAINTAIN PEACE. THE KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT WAS THE NAME O F THE ATTEMPT. NATIONS AGREED NOT TO USE THREAT OF WAR WHEN DEALING WITH EACH OTHER. 60 NATIONS SIGNED THIS BUT BEFORE 1940 MOST WERE AT WAR WITH ONE ANOTHER.

BUSINESS IN THE 1920’S

A GREAT DEAL OF FIRST CAME OUT IN THIS DECADE.

            FIRST SHOPPING CENTER, FIRST FAST FOOD CHAIN A & W ROOT BEER.

   THE ECONOMY OF THE TWENTIES WAS A CONSUMER ECONOMY THAT REQUIRED A LARGE AMOUNT OF BUYING AND USING BY THE PUBLIC.

THE INSTALLMENT PLAN WAS DEVELOPED DURING THIS TIME PERIOD. MANY AMERICANS BOUGHT ON CREDIT, PAYING 11 TO 40 PERCENT INTEREST. 60% OF ALL CARS, 70% OF ALL FURNITURE, 80% OF VACUUM CLEANERS, RADIOS, AND REFRIGERATORS, 90% OF SEWING MACHINES AND WASHING MACHINES WERE BOUGHT ON CREDIT.

FORD AND THE AUTOMOBILE

IN 1907 FORD SOLD 30,000 MODEL T CARS

HIS GOAL WAS TO BUILD CARS SO INEXPENSIVE THAT ORDINARY PEOPLE COULD AFFORd ONE.

HE WAS ABLE TO MAKE THE GOAL A REALITY, WITH THE USE OF THE ASSEMBLY LINE.  THE LINE MOVED AS THE WORKERS STAYED IN PLACE. HIS EMPLOYEES DEVELOPED SPECIALIZED SKILLS FOR THE BUILDING OF CARS. SOON THESE WORKERS WERE WORKING MORE EFFICIENTLY. THE LINE WAS SO FAST THE PANT WAS PUTTING OUT A COMPLETED CAR EVERY 24 SECONDS. COULD HAVE ANY COLOR YOU WANTED AS LONG AS IT WAS BLACK.

HE ORDERED HIS PARTS TO BE SHIPPED IN SPECIAL CRATES FROM HIS SUPPLIERS.

AND THEN USED THE CRATES IN THE BUILDING OF THE AUTOMOBILE.

THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY CAUSED OTHER INDUSTRIES TO INCREASE, HAVE STUDENTS GIVE ME IDEAS OF WHAT THEY THINK MAY HAVE GROWN.

GARAGES, AUTO DEALERSHIPS, MOTEL, RESTAURANTS, CAMPGROUNDS, GAS STATIONS, TRUCKING COMPANIES, TIRE COMPANIES, ELECTRICAL COMPANIES, GLASS MANUFACTURES. AND OTHERS.

SOCIETY IN THE 1920S

THE MANNERS AND ATTITUDES OF THE AMERICAN YOUTH WAS CHANGING FLAPPER, A NEW TYPE OF WOMAN YOUNG, REBELLIOUS, FUN LOVING, AND BOLD.

FLAPPERS WORE THEIR DRESSES 6 INCHES SHORTER THAN THEIR MOTHERS AND GRANDMOTHERS, AND EVEN AS HIGH AS ABOVE THE KNEE AND SOMETIMES SHORTER.

THE WOMEN ALSO CUT THEIR HAIR SHORT AS WELL AS USING MAKE UP.

SMOKING AND DRINKING IN PUBLIC BY WOMEN INCREASED DURING THIS TIME PERIOD.

RESPONSIBILITIES CHANGED TOO, MORE WOMEN IN THE WORK PLACE AS WELL AS THE RIGHT TO VOTE IN ELECTIONS. WORK WAS MOST TIMES LIMITED TO THE SINGLE WOMEN BECAUSE IF MARRIED THEY WOULD HAVE TO QUIT WORK IF THEY GOT PREGNANT. ON THE POLITICAL SCENE, WOMEN WERE BEING ELECTED TO STATE GOVERNMENTS ACROSS THE NATION

WHAT ARE DEMOGRAPHICS? IMMIGRANTS MOVING INTO THE UNITED STATES SEEMED TO GATHER IN GENRAL AREAS AND CREATE A SMALL VERSION OF THE COUNTRY THEY LEFT, LITTLE ITALY, SPANISH HARLEM, ETC.

DURING THE 20’S WE SEE THAT WITH IMPROVED METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION, AMERICNAS ARE MOVING OUT OF THE HEART OF CITIES. MOVING INTO THE SUBURBS AND HOUSING ADDITIONS. IT’S A WONDERFUL LIFE STORY.

EACH DECADE GIVES US HEROES; THE TWENTIES GAVE US A WIDE VARIETY OF HEROES.

WITH MORE MONEY AVAILABLE TO WORKERS AND LESS TIME TO WORK, LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES INCREASED.

BASEBALL GAMES, BOXING MATCHES, PICNICS AND OTHER PASTTIMES GREW.

IN THE SPORTS ARENA, HEROS WERE BABE RUTH, JACK DEMPSEY, AS WELL AS WOMEN ATHLETES, SUCH AS HELEN WILLS AND GERTRUDE EDERLE OLYMPIC SWIMMING GOLD MEDALIST.

HEROES ALSO INCLUDED LUCKY Lindbergh AND AMELIA EARHART.

MASS MEDIA ND THE JAZZ AGE

THE FIRST MOTION PICTURE WAS THE BIRTH OF A NATION, MADE BEFORE THE TURN OF THE CENTURY.

THE FIRST TALKIE WAS THE JAZZ SINGER

PUBLISHERS WERE WORKING TO INCREASE THE NUMBER O F READERS OF THEIR NEWSPAPERS.

MUSIC AND BASEBALL SCORES WERE SENT OVER THE RADIO WAVES THE FIRST RADIO STATION WAS OPENED IN 1920 BY 1922 500 RADIO STATIONS ACROSS AMERICA.

TRIGGER THE GROWTH OF THE COMPANIES NBC, CBS, AND ABC.

THE JAZZ AGE MUSIC GREW FROM THE AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THEIR TYPES OF MUSIC. ALL TYPES OF JAZ NEW ORLEANS, DIXIE LAND JAZZ, BIG BAND MUSIC, AND OTHERS GREW. THE PHONOGRAPH, WHICH PLAYED RECORDS, RECORDED AT 78 RPM, THEN THE 33 1/3 RPM AND THEN THE 45 RPMS COULD BE BROUGHT HOME TO LISTEN TO.

HARLEM HAD A LARGE NUMBER OF JAZZ CLUBS SOME WERE KNOWN AS SPEAK EASIES BECAUSE OF THE ILLEGAL ALCOHOL.

OTHER ARTS OF THE DECADE INCLUDED THE PAINTERS, WRITERS AND OTHERS.

MANY AUTHORS LEFT THE COUNTRY GOING TO EUROPE NOT HAPPY WITH THE WAY AMERICA WAS CHANGING.

THE AFRICAN AMERICAN Literary,  AWAKENING WAS KNOW AS THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE

CULTURAL CONFLICTS

THE VOLSTEAD ACT WAS PASSED TO ENFORCE THE 18^TH AMENDMENT

CRIME INCREASED DURING THE 1920 STARTING WITH THE BOOTLEGGER, GETTING ALCOHOL TO CUSTOMERS ILLEGALLY. SPEAKEASIES WERE ILLEGAL BARS THAT SERVED ALCOHOL AND WERE THE HANG OUT OF THE FLAPPERS AND OTHERS.

THE SUCCESSS OF THE BOOTLEGGERS LED TO THE GROWTH OF RELATED CRIMES AND GROUPS OF FAMILIES CONTROLLING THE BUSINESS AND MARKET PLACE THE MOB.

RELIGIOUS QUESTIONS WERE BEING ADDRESSED DURING THE DECADE AS WELL, THE GROWTH OF THE FUNDAMENTALIST WAS DUE TO THREE THINGS

1              SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WERE TAKING A LARGER ROLE IN EVERYDAY LIFE AND THOUGHT.

2              WAR AND THE WIDE SPREAD PROBLEMS OF MODERN SOCIETY WERE CAUSING MORE PEOPLETO QUESTION WHETHER GOD EXISTED OR TOOK AN ACTIVE ROLE IN HUMAN AFFAIRS.

3               SOME SCHOLARS WERE SAYING THAT THE BIBLE WAS A DOCUMENT WRITTEN BY HUMANS AND CONTAINED CONTRADICTIONS AND EVEN HISTORICAL INACCURACIES.

THE SCOPES MONKEY TRIAL WAS BASED ON WHETHER OR NOT A TEACHER COULD TEACH EVOLUTION IN THE CLASSROOM.

DURING THE TWENTIES, GROWTH OF VIOLENCE AGAINST OTHER INCREASED IN 1919 BLOODY RIOTS WAS WIDESPREAD. CHICAGO, OMAHA, TULSA, WASHINGTON D.C.  THE KLAN GREW IN NUMBERS DURING THE 1920. THEIR TARGETS NOW WERE NOT JUST AFRICAN AMERICANS, BUT ALSO INCLUDED CATHOLICS, JEWS, IMMIGRANTS, AND OTHERS.

GARVEY ORGANIZED A MOVEMENT THAT CALLED FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS TO MOVE BACK TO THE MOTHERLAND IN AFRICA. HE CREATED A STEAMSHIP LINE KNOWN AS THE BLACK STAR. HE WAS ARRESTED ON FRAUD CHARGES.