CHAPTER 14 THE FORMATION OF WESTERN EUROPE

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            CHURCH REFORM AND THE CRUSADES

                        THE AGE OF FAITH SAW A GROWTH OF RELIGION IN EVER ASPECT OF DAILY LIFE

ALTHOUGH MANY PEOPLE WERE TURNING BACK TO THE TEACHING, THREE PROBLEMS FACED THE GROWTH OF THE CHURCH

1.      MANY VILLAGE PRIESTS MARRIED AND HAD FAMILIES

2.      POSITIONS IN THE CHURCH WERE BEING SOLD CALLED SIMONY

3.      LAY INVESTITURE

THE CHURCH BECAME MORE LIKE A KINGDOM WITH THE POPE BEING KING

WITH CURIA ADVISORS TO THE POPE

ST FRANCIS OF ASSISI

            ALLOWED FEMALES IN TO THE CHURCH

ALSO DURING THIS TIME PERIOD CHURCHES WERE BEING BUILT BIGGER AND BETTER THE GOTHS BUILT HUGE CHURCHES WITH LARGE WINDOWS COVERED BY STAIN WINDOWS

THESE CHURCHES WERE CALLED CATHEDRALS

WITH THE ATTENTIONS ON THE CHURCH AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF MEDIEVAL LIFE, WHEN CONCERN WAS VOICED BY THE KING OF BYZANTINE THAT THE MUSLIM TURKS WERE CLOSE TO CONQUER CONSTANTINOPLE

POPE URBAN III CALLED FOR A HOLY WAR A CRUSADE TO FIGHT THE INFIDELS

1093 FIRST CRUSADES THE STATED GOAL WAS TO FREE JERUSALEM FROM THE MUSLIM FOLLOWERS

50 TO 60,000 KNIGHTS RODE OFF TO FIGHT “GOD WILL’S IT” WAS THE CRY

            THESE KNIGHTS ALSO HAD BEEN FIGHTING AMONG EACH OTHER FOR THE SMALL KINGDOMS IF THEY WERE OFF FIGHTING A WAR THEN KINGS WOULD BE SAFE IF A KNIGHT DIED IN BATTLE, HE WAS GIVEN A PLACE IN HEAVEN

THE FIRST AND SECOND CRUSADES WERE NOT ORGANIZED AND IN SOME CASES THE KNIGHTS FOUGHT AMONG THEMSELVES THE FIRST ONE CAPTURED THE MUSLIM TOWN OF EDESSA THE SECOND CRUSADE WAS ORGANIZED TO RECAPTURE THE CITY AND THE 2^ND CRUSADE WAS DEFEATED AND JERUSALEM CAPTURED

RICHARD THE LION HEARTED SALADIN WERE THE LEADERS OF THE THIRD CRUSADE

            1192 TIRED OF FIGHTING THE TWO SIGNED AGREEMENT JERUSALEM STAYED UNDER MUSLIM RULE BUT UNARMED CHRISTIAN PILGRIMS COULD TRAVEL TO ANY HOLY SITE

THE FOURTH CRUSADE ENDED WITH THE KNIGHTS ATTACKING THE BYZANTINE CAPITOL

THE CHILDREN'S CRUSADE 1212 NOT ARMED ALMOST ALL WERE LOST DUE TO INJURIES AND ILLNESSES AND BEING SOLD INTO SLAVERY

EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES

SECTION TRADE, TOWNS, AND FINANCIAL REVOLUTION

            NEW HARNESS ALLOWED HORSES TO PULL THE PLOWS AND TO INCREASE SPEED OF FARMING A NEW THREE FIELD SYSTEM

                   THIS MEANT MORE FOOD AND LARGER POPULATION     

FAIRS WERE SCHEDULED PEOPLE BROUGHT THINGS TO TRADE CLOTH, BACON SALT HONEY CHEESE WINE LEATHER DYES KNIVES AND ROPES

GUILDS DEVELOPED PEOPLE  WHO WORKED IN THE SAME TYPE OF WORK ONE WOULD START AS A CHILD FOR FIVE TO NINE YEARS TO A MASTER WORKER

ONCE A JOURNEYMAN H  COULD THEN WORK FOR A WAGE

MONEY BUSINESS HOW DID THE GUY BORROW MONEY TO BUY THE SAME GOODS SOLD AT MARKET OR FAIR DAY

JEWS WERE THE ONES THAT COULD LOAN MONEY TO THOSE WHO NEEDED CASH

BECAUSE IT WAS AGAINST CANON LAW TO CHARGE INTEREST ON THE MONEY LOANED

SO THE JEWS WERE THE ONLY ONES ABLE TO DO THAT

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