Carpet  Bagger

14^th amendment                             15^th amendment

Scalawag                                             Tenure of Office

Radical Republicans:  Thaddons Stevens of Penn.

                                      Charles Summer of Mass.

Wanted a social, economic, and political revolution in the south.  Supported by 4 policies.

1)      Suffrage for all Blacks.

2)      Disenfranchise, loss of voting rights of ex-confederates to allow time for new politics order in South.

3)      Take land of plantation redistribute to freedmen.

4)      Ferally supported schools for blacks to prepare for jobs/citizenship.

Civil Rights Act

            Vetoed by Johnson’s was passed in 1856 all persons born in U.S. were citizens except (Native Americans) entitled to equal rights.

Freedmen Bureau:

            Enforce black civil rights and establish schools.

14^th amendment:

            Native born or naturalized person were citizens and had the same rights as

            Citizens.  Equal protection under law and Due process.

            Reduced representation based on number of male citizens denied voting rights.

            Women upset the word male introduced into Constitution.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

1)      Divided Confederacy into 5 military district governed by army commanders.

2)      Disenfranchised 10 to 15% of white electoral (prewar planter class)

3)      Requirement for reacceptance into Union.

a)      Write new state constitutions providing universal male suffrage.

b)      Approved by majority of registered voters.

c)      Ratify the 14^th amendment.

New order in South

            Scalawags – Southerners who were white Unionist. (Lost faith in Confederacy long before end of war.  Upset with destruction of farms and livestock) Eager to seize power from planter class.

Carpet Baggers – Northerners who settled in area after the war. Agents of Freedmen Bureau, former union soldiers, resented by southerners even though these individual invested capital and themselves in rebuilding the south.

            Blacks made up 30 percent of Republican delegates. These delegates wrote new progressive constitution and by 1870 all confederate states readmitted to the union.

Congress Passed the Tenure of Office Act in 1867. For bids the president from removing anyone from office who had been approved by Congress.

Johnson dismissed Secretary of War.

Edwin Stanton in 1868 congress votes to impeach Johnson.

Senate acts as jury 2/3 majority needed to impeach.  35-19 one vote shy of 2/3.  Many have said that congress wanted to keep the office of president strong and maintain the balance of power.

Last hurrahs of Radical Republicans

15^th amendment Right of Suffrage should not be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

            Many states in North were not allowing blacks to vote.

KKK -  (members of planter class/confederate soldiers) goals to control elections and remove the Republican Party from the South.

Wanted to Keep blacks in Subordinate roles targeted landowning blacks, educated blacks, teachers of blacks.

            Using Violence KKK kept Republicans from the voting booths.

            President Grant

Passed laws, which allowed the use of the military to ensure fair and peaceful election of 1872.